Gallium
element 31 of routine table is Gallium with atomic number 31, atomic weight 69.723. Gallium, price Ga, has a Base focused Orthorhombic structure and Silver color. Gallium is a post-transition metal element. Trivial surname of Gallium is triels, icosagens. Understand everything around Gallium Facts, physics Properties, chemistry Properties, digital configuration, Atomic and also Crystal Structure.
Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Element gallium does not happen in free form in nature, but as the gallium(III) compound that room in trace quantities in zinc ores and also in bauxite. Gallium is a soft, silvery metal, and elemental gallium is a brittle solid at short temperatures, and also melts at 29.76 °C (85.57 °F) (slightly above room temperature).
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Gallium Facts
Read vital information and facts about element Gallium
| surname | Gallium |
| atomic Number | 31 |
| atomic Symbol | Ga |
| Atomic weight | 69.723 |
| phase | Solid |
| shade | Silver |
| Classification | post-transition metal |
| group in routine Table | 13 |
| Group Name | boron household |
| period in regular Table | 4 |
| Block in routine Table | p-block |
| Electronic Configuration | |
| Melting suggest | 29.76 °C |
| Boiling suggest | 2204 °C |
| Electronic covering Structure | <2, 8, 18, 3> |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-55-3 |
community
13
Al
14
Si
30
Zn
31
Ga
32
Ge
48
Cd
49
In
50
Sn
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
| 1 | 1 H 2 He | |||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 10 Ne | |||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 11 Na 12 Mg 13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar | |||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr | |||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 37 Rb 38 Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd 47 Ag 48 Cd 49 In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52 Te 53 I 54 Xe | |||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 55 Cs 56 Ba 72 Hf 73 Ta 74 W 75 Re 76 Os 77 Ir 78 Pt 79 Au 80 Hg 81 Tl 82 Pb 83 Bi 84 Po 85 At 86 Rn | |||||||||||||||||
| 7 | 87 Fr 88 Ra 104 Rf 105 Db 106 Sg 107 Bh 108 Hs 109 Mt 110 Ds 111 Rg 112 Cn 113 Nh 114 Fl 115 Mc 116 Lv 117 Ts 118 Og | |||||||||||||||||
| Lanthanides | 57 La 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 68 Er 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu | |||||||||||||||||
| Actinide | 89 Ac 90 Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 94 Pu 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 100 Fm 101 Md 102 No 103 Lr |
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How to locate Gallium on routine Table
Periodic table is i ordered it by atom number, variety of protons in the nucleus i beg your pardon is same as number of electrons. The atomic number rises from left come right. Periodic table start at height left ( atomic number 1) and ends at bottom best (atomic number 118). As such you can straight look for atomic number 31 to find Gallium on routine table.
Another way to read regular table and locate an facet is through using group number (column) and period number (row). To situate Gallium on periodic table look for cross ar of group 13 and duration 4 in the modern periodic table.
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Table of Contents
History
Abundance
Physical Properties
Thermal Properties
Crystal Structure
Atomic & orbit Properties
Chemical Properties
Isotopes
Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Databases
Compare Gallium with other elements
Gallium History
The aspect Gallium was discovered by Lecoq de Boisbaudran in year 1875 in France . Gallium obtained its surname from Gallia, the Latin name for France
Gallium Presence: variety in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the diversity of Gallium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth"s Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| variety in world | 1×10-6% |
| abundance in sunlight | 4×10-6% |
| diversity in Meteorites | 7.6e-06 |
| Abundance in Earth"s late | 1.9e-05 |
| variety in seas | 3×10-9% |
| diversity in people | N/A |
Crystal framework of Gallium
The hard state structure of Gallium is Base focused Orthorhombic.
The decision structure deserve to be defined in regards to its unit Cell. The unit cell repeats chin in 3 dimensional an are to form the structure.
Unit cell Parameters
The unit cabinet is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which space the lengths the the cabinet edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| 451.97 | 766.33 | 452.6 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice angle (alpha, beta and gamma).
| π/2 | π/2 | π/2 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are explained by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured native a referral lattice point.
The symmetry nature of the crystal are described by the ide of space groups. All possible symmetric species of particles in three-dimensional an are are explained by the 230 space groups (219 distinctive types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
| space Group name | Cmca |  |
| space Group Number | 64 | |
| Crystal framework | Base centered Orthorhombic |
Gallium Atomic and also Orbital Properties
Gallium atoms have actually 31 electrons and also the digital shell framework is <2, 8, 18, 3> v Atomic ax Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 2P1/2.
| atomic Number | 31 |
| Number of electrons (with no charge) | 31 |
| Number of Protons | 31 |
| Mass Number | 70 |
| Number of Neutrons | 39 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | <2, 8, 18, 3> |
| Electron construction | |
| Valence Electrons | 4s2 4p1 |
| Oxidation State | -5;-4;-2;-1 1;2;3 |
| Atomic ax Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2P1/2 |
Shell framework of Gallium - electrons per energy level
Ground State digital Configuration of Gallium - neutral Gallium atom
The soil state digital configuration of Neutral Gallium atom isSee more: How Much Is 8 Cups Equals How Many Liters Is 8 Cups? 8 C To L Conversion
Unabbreviated electronic configuration that neutral Gallium
Complete floor state digital configuration because that the Gallium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p1
Atomic structure of Gallium
Gallium atomic radius is 136 pm, when it"s covalent radius is 126 pm.
| atomic Radius | 136 afternoon (1.36 Å) |
| Atomic Volume | 11.8094512195 cm3 |
| Covalent Radius | 126 pm (1.26 Å) |
| valve der Waals Radius | 187 pm |
| ghost Cross section | 2.9 σa/barns |
Atomic Spectrum of Gallium
Gallium chemical Properties: Gallium Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Gallium is 28.9 kJ/mol
| Valence | 3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.81 |
| ElectronAffinity | 28.9 kJ/mol |
Ionization energy of Gallium
Refer come table listed below for Ionization energies that Gallium
| 1 | 578.8 |
| 2 | 1979.3 |
| 3 | 2963 |
| 4 | 6180 |
Gallium physics Properties
Refer to listed below table because that Gallium physics Properties
| density | 5.904 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 11.8094512195 cm3 |
Elastic Properties
| Young Modulus | N/A |
| Shear Modulus | N/A |
| mass Modulus | N/A |
| Poisson ratio | N/A |
Hardness the Gallium - exam to measure of Hardness the Element
| Mohs Hardness | 1.5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | N/A |
| Brinell Hardness | 60 MPa |
Gallium electric Properties
Gallium is Conductor the electricity. Refer to table listed below for the electric properties that Gallium
| electric Conductivity | 7.1×106 S/m |
| Resistivity | 1.4×10-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting allude | 1.083 |
Gallium Heat and also Conduction Properties
| heat Conductivity | 29 W/(m K) |
| Thermal expansion | 0.00012 K-1 |
Gallium Magnetic Properties
| Magnetic form | Diamagnetic |
| Curie point | N/A |
| massive Magnetic Susceptibility | -3×10-9 |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.09×10-10 |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.77e-05 |
Optical nature of Gallium
| Refractive index | N/A |
Acoustic properties of Gallium
| rate of Sound | 2740 m/s |
Gallium heat Properties - Enthalpies and also thermodynamics
Refer to table listed below for thermal properties that Gallium
| Melting allude | 302.91 K (29.76 °C) |
| Boiling suggest | 2477 K (2204 °C) |
| vital Temperature | N/A |
| Superconducting suggest | 1.083 |
Enthalpies the Gallium
| warm of combination | 5.59 kJ/mol |
| warm of Vaporization | 256 kJ/mol |
| heat of combustion | N/A |
Gallium isotopes - atom Properties of Gallium
Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Gallium has actually 2 steady isotope - 69Ga, 71Ga.
| 56Ga | ||||
| 57Ga | ||||
| 58Ga | ||||
| 59Ga | ||||
| 60Ga | ||||
| 61Ga | ||||
| 62Ga | ||||
| 63Ga | ||||
| 64Ga | ||||
| 65Ga | ||||
| 66Ga | ||||
| 67Ga | ||||
| 68Ga | ||||
| 69Ga | 60.108% | stable | N/A | |
| 70Ga | ||||
| 71Ga | 39.892% | secure | N/A | |
| 72Ga | ||||
| 73Ga | ||||
| 74Ga | ||||
| 75Ga | ||||
| 76Ga | ||||
| 77Ga | ||||
| 78Ga | ||||
| 79Ga | ||||
| 80Ga | ||||
| 81Ga | ||||
| 82Ga | ||||
| 83Ga | ||||
| 84Ga | ||||
| 85Ga | ||||
| 86Ga |
Regulatory and Health - Health and also Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| CAS Number | CAS7440-55-3 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSLW8600000 |
| dot Hazard class | 8 |
| period Numbers | 2803 |
| EU Number | N/A |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 0 |
| NFPA risks | N/A |
| NFPA health and wellness Rating | 1 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 |
| Autoignition allude | N/A |
| Flashpoint | N/A |
Database Search
list of distinctive identifiers to find the element in assorted chemical it is registered databases
| CAS Number - chemical Abstracts service (CAS) | CAS7440-55-3 |
| CID Number | CID5360835 |
| Gmelin Number | N/A |
| NSC Number | N/A |
| RTECS Number | RTECSLW8600000 |