freeze point, viscosity, particular gravity and particular heat the ethylene glycol based heat-transfer fluids, or brines
Ethylene Glycol based water solutions are common in heat-transfer applications whereby the temperature in the warm transfer fluid can be below 32oF (0oC). Ethylene glycol is likewise commonly offered in heater applications the temporarily might not be activate (cold) in surroundings v freezing conditions - such together cars and machines with water cooled engines.
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Ethylene Glycol is the most usual antifreeze liquid for standard heating and also cooling applications. Ethylene glycol must be avoided if there is a slightest chance of leakage to potable water or food processing systems. Rather solutions based upon propylene glycol are generally used.
Specific heat, viscosity and certain weight the a water and ethylene glycol systems vary significantly with the percent of ethylene glycol and also the temperature the the fluid. Properties different so lot from clean water that warm transfer solution with ethylene glycol need to be calculated extensively for yes, really temperature and also solution.
Freezing suggest of Ethylene Glycol based Water Solutions
Freezing points of ethylene glycol based water solutions at miscellaneous temperatures are indicated below
Due to possible slush creation, ethylene glycol and water solutions have to not be provided in problems close to freezing points.
Dynamic Viscosity the Ethylene Glycol based Water Solutions
Dynamic viscosity - μ- that ethylene glycol based water remedies at miscellaneous temperatures are indicated below
| 0 | -17.8 | 1) | 1) | 15 | 22 | 35 | 45 | 310 |
| 40 | 4.4 | 3 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 9 | 10.2 | 48 |
| 80 | 26.7 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 15.5 |
| 120 | 48.9 | 0.9 | 1 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.4 | 7 |
| 160 | 71.1 | 0.65 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.95 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 3.8 |
| 200 | 93.3 | 0.48 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.88 | 0.98 | 2.4 |
| 240 | 115.6 | 2) | 2) | 2) | 2) | 2) | 2) | 1.8 |
| 280 | 137.8 | 2) | 2) | 2) | 2) | 2) | 2) | 1.2 |
below freezing point above boiling suggest
Note! The dynamic viscosity of one ethylene glycol based water solution is increased contrasted with the dynamic viscosity the clean water. Together a an effect the head loss (pressure loss) in the a piping device with ethylene glycol is increased compared to clean water.
Specific gravity of Ethylene Glycol based Water Solutions
Specific gravity - SG - the ethylene glycol based water services at assorted temperatures are indicated below
| -40 | -40 | 1) | 1) | 1) | 1) | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1) |
| 0 | -17.8 | 1) | 1) | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.16 |
| 40 | 4.4 | 1.048 | 1.057 | 1.07 | 1.088 | 1.1 | 1.11 | 1.145 |
| 80 | 26.7 | 1.04 | 1.048 | 1.06 | 1.077 | 1.09 | 1.095 | 1.13 |
| 120 | 48.9 | 1.03 | 1.038 | 1.05 | 1.064 | 1.077 | 1.082 | 1.115 |
| 160 | 71.1 | 1.018 | 1.025 | 1.038 | 1.05 | 1.062 | 1.068 | 1.1 |
| 200 | 93.3 | 1.005 | 1.013 | 1.026 | 1.038 | 1.049 | 1.054 | 1.084 |
| 240 | 115.6 | 2) | 2) | 2) | 2) | 2) | 2) | 1.067 |
| 280 | 137.8 | 2) | 2) | 2) | 2) | 2) | 2) | 1.05 |
below freezing point over boiling allude
Note! The details gravity that ethylene glycol based water remedies are increased compared with specific gravity that clean water.
Densities that Ethylene Glycol based Water Solutions
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A heating system with liquid volume 0.8 m3 is freeze protected with 50% (by mass, mass portion 0.5) ethylene glycol. The installation temperature the the system is under to 0oC and the maximum tool operation temperature is 80oC.
From the table above we view that the thickness of the equipment at environment temperature deserve to be as high together 1090 kg/m3 - and also the medium density at operation temperature deserve to be together low together 1042 kg/m3.
The fixed of the fluid at installation deserve to be calculated as
minst = ρinst Vinst (1)
= (1090 kg/m3) (0.8 m3)
= 872 kg
where
minst = mass of fluid at environment (kg)
ρinst = density at environment (kg/m3)
Vinst = liquid volume in ~ installation (m3)
Mass that the fluid in the system throughout operation will be very same as the massive in system throughout installation
minst = mop (2)
= ρop Vop
where
mop = mass of fluid at procedure (kg)
ρop = density atoperation (kg/m3)
Vop = liquid volume atoperation (m3)
(2) can be modified to calculate liquid operation volume as
Vop = minst / ρop (2b)
= (872 kg) / (1042 kg/m3)
= 0.837 m3
The required growth volume to prevent pressure can be calculation as
ΔV = Vop -Vinst (3)
= (0.837 m3) - (0.8 m3)
= 0.037 m3
= 37 liter
where
ΔV = growth volume (m3)
Expansion volume can be calculation as
ΔV = (ρinst / ρop - 1) Vinst (4)
Specific warm of Ethylene Glycol based Water Solutions
Specific warm - cp - that ethylene glycol based water remedies at miscellaneous temperatures are suggested below
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Note! The details heat of ethylene glycol based water options are less 보다 the certain heat the clean water. For a warmth transfer mechanism with ethylene glycol the circulated volume have to be increased contrasted to a device only with water.
In a 50% solution with operational temperatures over 36 the the certain heat capacity is lessened with approximately 20%. The diminished heat capacity need to be compensated by circulating much more fluid.
Note! The density of ethylene glycol is higher than water - check the details gravity (SG) table above, so the net affect on the heat transport volume is reduced. Example - the specific heat of one ethylene glycol water solution 50% / 50% is 0.815 in ~ 80 that (26.7 oC). Particular gravity in ~ the same problems is 1.077. The net influence can be approximated to 0.815 * 1.077 = 0.877.
Automobile antifreeze solutions have to not be provided in HVAC systems since they save silicates the may reason fouling. Silicates in auto antifreeze are offered to protect aluminum engine parts.
Note! Distilled or deionized water have to be supplied for ethylene glycol solutions. City water might be treated through chlorine which is corrosive.
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Systems for automatically makeup water need to not be used since a leakage would certainly contaminate the environment and also dilute the antifreeze security of the system.
Boiling points Ethylene Glycol Solutions
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